First Aid

Habari Mwanafunzi! Let's Become Everyday Heroes!

Imagine you are playing football with your friends, and suddenly, one of them twists their ankle and falls. Or maybe at home, your younger sibling touches a hot sufuria by mistake. What do you do? Do you panic? Do you run away? No! After today's lesson, you will know exactly what to do. You will become a first aider – a real-life hero in your school, home, and community!

First Aid is the immediate help you give to someone who is injured or suddenly becomes ill, before a doctor or ambulance arrives. It’s simple, but it can save a life!

The 3 Ps: The Golden Rules of First Aid

To make it easy to remember what to do, we follow three important rules, the 3 Ps. Think of them as your first aid superpower!

• Preserve Life: This is the most important goal. Your actions should be to keep the person alive.
• Prevent Further Injury: Make sure the person's condition does not get worse. This can mean moving them away from danger (like a busy road) or stopping bleeding.
• Promote Recovery: Help the person start to heal. This can be as simple as cooling a burn or making them comfortable.

Real-World Scenario: Your friend gets a deep cut from a piece of metal while playing.

• Preserve Life: You apply pressure to the cut to stop the bleeding.
• Prevent Further Injury: You make sure the cut stays clean to prevent infection.
• Promote Recovery: You cover the cut with a clean cloth while waiting for an adult to help.

DRSABCD: Your Step-by-Step Action Plan

When you find someone who needs help, don't just rush in! Use this simple plan to stay safe and give the best help. It's called DRSABCD.

   +----------------------+
   |   D - Check Danger   |
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   |  R - Check Response  |
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   | S - Send for Help    |
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   |   A - Open Airway    |
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   | B - Check Breathing  |
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   | C - Start Compressions|
   +----------------------+
            |
            V
   +----------------------+
   | D - Use Defibrillator|
   +----------------------+

• D - Danger: Look around first! Is there anything that could harm you? A busy road with matatus and boda-bodas? A fire? A fallen electric wire? Make sure the area is safe for you and the casualty.
• R - Response: Is the person awake? Gently tap their shoulders and ask loudly, "Habari! Are you okay? Can you hear me?" If they respond, they are conscious. If not, they are unconscious.
• S - Send for Help: Shout for help immediately! If you have a phone, call Kenya's emergency number: 112 or 999. Tell them exactly where you are and what has happened.
• A - Airway: Gently tilt their head back and lift their chin. This opens their airway so they can breathe. Check if there is anything in their mouth, like food or blood, and if so, gently remove it.
• B - Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breathing for 10 seconds.
  • Look for chest movement.
  • Listen for sounds of breathing.
  • Feel for their breath on your cheek.
• C - Compressions (CPR): If the person is NOT breathing, you need to start chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand in the centre of their chest, place your other hand on top, and push down hard and fast. We will learn the full technique in another class, but the rhythm is what matters.
• D - Defibrillator: This is a special machine that shocks the heart back into rhythm. You will see these in some public places, and they are used by trained professionals.

Image Suggestion: A vibrant, illustrated chart showing the 7 steps of DRSABCD. Each step has a simple icon and a depiction of a Kenyan teenager performing the action (e.g., checking for danger on a dusty road, calling for help on a mobile phone, tilting a person's head back).

Dealing with Common Injuries in Kenya

Here’s how to handle some situations you might see every day.

1. Cuts and Grazes (Michubuko)

From falling while running or off a bicycle.

1. Wash your hands.
2. Stop the bleeding: Apply gentle pressure on the cut with a clean cloth or bandage.
3. Clean the wound: Rinse the cut with clean, running water. Avoid using harsh soap.
4. Cover the wound: Apply a clean plaster (Band-Aid) or bandage to keep it clean.

2. Burns (from a Jiko, hot water, or steam)

A common accident in the kitchen!

1. Cool the burn immediately! Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for at least 10-20 minutes. This is the most important step!
2. Remove jewellery or tight clothing from around the burn before it starts to swell.
3. Cover the burn loosely with a clean, non-stick dressing or plastic wrap (like cling film).

IMPORTANT: Never put oil, butter, toothpaste, or ice directly on a burn! This can trap heat and make it worse.

# Calculating Burn Cooling Time

The goal is to cool the burn to stop the damage.

Minimum Time = 10 minutes
Ideal Time = 20 minutes

If you cool it for only 2 minutes, the skin is still "cooking" underneath.
You must cool it long enough to remove the heat from the deeper layers of skin.

3. Sprains and Strains (like twisting an ankle)

This is very common when playing sports like football or netball. Remember the word R.I.C.E.

• R - Rest: Stop using the injured part. Don't try to walk on a twisted ankle.
• I - Ice: Apply an ice pack wrapped in a cloth (or a bag of frozen maize) to the area for 15 minutes every 2 hours. This reduces swelling and pain.
• C - Compression: Wrap a bandage around the injury to give it support and limit swelling. It should be snug, but not too tight!
• E - Elevation: Keep the injured part raised up, preferably above the level of the heart. For an ankle, lie down and put it up on a pillow or a chair.

# ASCII Art: Elevation for a sprained ankle

        /<---- Leg
       /
      /___________
     |  Pillow   |<---- Elevate the injured part!
     +-----------+
    O             <---- Person resting
   /|\
   / \

The Recovery Position

If a person is unconscious but is breathing normally, you should put them in the recovery position. This keeps their airway open and prevents them from choking if they vomit.

Image Suggestion: A series of 3-4 clear, simple diagrams showing a person being moved step-by-step into the recovery position by a peer. The style should be like a manual, with arrows indicating the direction of movement.

# Simple Diagram of the Recovery Position

Step 1: Kneel beside the person.
Step 2: Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle.
Step 3: Bring the other arm across their chest.
Step 4: Bend the knee farthest from you.
Step 5: Gently roll them towards you.
Step 6: Tilt their head back to keep the airway open.

      O  <-- Head tilted back
     /|\
  ---/ | \ <-- Top leg bent for support
    /  |
   /  /
--'--'

You have learned so much today! Remember, the key to first aid is to stay calm, stay safe, and do what you can to help. You don't need to be a doctor to save a life. You just need to be prepared. Be the hero your community needs!

Habari Mwanafunzi! Are You Ready to Be a Hero?

Imagine this: you are playing a game of 'kati' with your friends at break time. Suddenly, your friend trips and falls, scraping their knee badly. Everyone panics! But not you. Why? Because you know First Aid. You know exactly what to do to help, to calm the situation, and to prevent the injury from getting worse before a teacher or nurse arrives.

First Aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury. It's about being the calm, helpful person in an emergency. Today, we will learn the essential skills that can turn you into a lifesaver for your friends, family, and community. Let's begin!

The Golden Rules: The 3 C's

In any emergency, it's easy to forget what to do. Just remember these three simple but powerful words: Check, Call, Care.

• CHECK: First, check the scene for any dangers. Is there traffic? A live electrical wire? A fire? Make sure it is safe for YOU to help. Then, check the person. Are they awake? Are they breathing? Are they bleeding?
• CALL: If the situation is serious, you need to get professional help immediately. Call for a teacher, a parent, or Kenya's emergency number. In Kenya, you can dial 112 or 999. Be ready to tell them where you are and what has happened.
• CARE: Provide care to the best of your ability until help arrives. This is where your first aid skills come into play.

Real-Life Scenario: You see a boda boda rider skid and fall on a wet road. Before rushing to help, you CHECK for oncoming cars. The scene is clear. You see the rider is conscious but their leg is bleeding. You tell a bystander to CALL an ambulance while you go to CARE for the rider by applying pressure to the wound.

Your First Aid Kit: A Shujaa's Toolbox

A good first aider is always prepared. A basic first aid kit should contain essential supplies. Here's what you should have in a simple kit at home or school:

• Gloves: To protect yourself and the injured person from germs.
• Antiseptic Wipes: For cleaning wounds.
• Bandages (Plasters): For covering small cuts and scrapes.
• Sterile Gauze Pads and Medical Tape: For larger wounds to control bleeding.
• Scissors: To cut tape or clothing if necessary.
• Painkillers: Like Panadol, for minor aches (for adults or with a guardian's permission).

Image Suggestion: [A vibrant, clear photo of an open red first aid box on a clean table. Items like plasters, gauze, a roll of tape, antiseptic wipes, and gloves are neatly arranged and clearly visible. The style should be educational and inviting.]

Handling Common Emergencies

1. Cuts and Scrapes (Michubuko na Vidonda)

This is the most common playground injury! Don't worry, it's easy to handle.

1. Wash Your Hands: Use soap and water. If you have them, put on gloves.
2. Stop the Bleeding: Apply gentle pressure on the wound with a clean cloth or gauze.
3. Clean the Wound: Rinse the wound with clean, running water.
4. Cover the Wound: Apply a clean plaster or bandage.

    +---+---+---+---+
    | B | A | N | D |
    +---+---+---+---+
      |     |
      v     v
    Wound Area

2. Minor Burns (Kuungua Kidogo)

Accidentally touching a hot sufuria or a jiko? Spilling hot uji? Act fast!

• Cool the Burn: Immediately run COOL (not ice-cold) water over the burn for at least 10 minutes. This is the most important step!
• Cover Loosely: Use a clean, non-fluffy cloth to cover the area.
• Important: NEVER put oil, butter, toothpaste, or ice on a burn! These can trap heat and cause more damage.

3. Choking (Kusakamwa)

This can happen if food, like a piece of githeri or a sweet, gets stuck in the throat. If the person is coughing, encourage them to keep coughing. If they cannot cough, speak, or breathe, you must help with the Heimlich Manoeuvre (Abdominal Thrusts).

1. Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around their waist.
2. Make a fist with one hand. Place it just above their navel (belly button).
3. Grab your fist with your other hand.
4. Give quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen.

   You   Victim
    O      O
   /|\    /|\      <-- Your arms wrapped around
  / | \  / | \
   / \    / \

   Your hands here --> O=
                      /|\
                     / | \
                      / \

Image Suggestion: [A clear, step-by-step diagram showing a person performing the Heimlich Manoeuvre on another. The illustration should be simple, with arrows indicating the direction of the upward thrusts. Style: friendly, educational cartoon.]

4. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) - The Basics

CPR is an advanced skill for when someone is unconscious AND not breathing. The most important part to learn first is the rhythm of chest compressions. You need to push hard and fast in the center of the chest.

The correct speed is between 100 to 120 compressions per minute. How do you know the speed? It's about two compressions every second!

# Calculation for CPR Rate

Target Rate: 100 compressions / minute
Time: 60 seconds

Calculation:
100 compressions / 60 seconds = 1.67 compressions per second (approx. 2)

So, you should aim for a rhythm of: PUSH, PUSH, PUSH, PUSH... at a speed of nearly two pushes every second.

The Recovery Position

What if someone is unconscious but still breathing? You should put them in the recovery position. This keeps their airway open and prevents them from choking if they vomit.

1. Kneel beside the person. Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle.
2. Bring their other arm across their chest and hold the back of their hand against their cheek.
3. With your other hand, pull their far knee up so it is bent.
4. Gently pull on their bent knee to roll them towards you.
5. Tilt their head back slightly to keep the airway open.

        O  <-- Head tilted back
       /|\
  ----/ |-\----  <-- Top arm supports head
      /  \
     |----|      <-- Top leg bent to stabilize
    /
   /             <-- Bottom arm straight out

Image Suggestion: [A clear, simple diagram showing a person lying on their side in the correct recovery position. Arrows should point out the key features: head tilted back, hand supporting the cheek, and top knee bent for stability.]

You Are Now a First Aider!

Hongera! Congratulations! You have just learned the basics of First Aid. Remember to always stay calm and follow the 3 C's. By knowing these simple skills, you are no longer just a bystander; you are a prepared citizen, a helpful friend, and a potential hero. Practice these ideas, share them with your family, and always be ready to help. Wewe ni shujaa!

Habari Mwanafunzi! Are You Ready to Be a Hero?

Imagine this: You are playing football with your friends on the school field. It's a tough game! Suddenly, your friend trips and falls, scraping their knee badly. Everyone stops. What do you do? Do you panic? Do you run away? Or do you step up and help? Today, you will learn how to be the person who steps up. Welcome to the essential skill of First Aid – the first step in being a real-life hero in your community!

First Aid is not about being a doctor. It's about providing immediate care to someone who is injured or ill, using the skills you have, to make a huge difference before professional help arrives. Let's get started!

What is First Aid, Really? The Three "P"s

Think of First Aid as having three main goals. We call them the Three P's. They are your mission whenever you encounter an emergency.

• Preserve Life: This is the most important goal. Your actions, like stopping severe bleeding or helping someone who is choking, can save a life.
• Prevent the situation from Worsening: You want to stop the injury from getting worse. This could mean cooling a burn to prevent it from going deeper, or making sure someone with a broken bone doesn't move it.
• Promote Recovery: Your actions can help the person heal faster. Something as simple as cleaning and covering a small wound can prevent infection and help the body start recovering.

Kenyan Example: Think of it like taking care of a young maize plant on the shamba (farm). First, you Preserve its life by giving it water. Then, you Prevent the situation from worsening by removing weeds that are trying to steal its nutrients. Finally, you Promote its recovery and growth by adding a little fertilizer. The Three P's work just like that, but for people!

The First Aider's Toolkit: Your Mind and Your Kit

A great first aider uses their most important tool first: their brain! You must stay calm, observe the situation, and act with confidence. After that, having a well-stocked First Aid Kit is a huge advantage.

Every home, school, and even the school bus should have one. Here’s what a basic kit should contain:

• Gloves (to protect yourself)
• Antiseptic wipes (like Dettol or Savlon wipes)
• Cotton wool and gauze
• Bandages and plasters of different sizes
• Adhesive tape
• Scissors
• Painkillers (like Panadol - for adults, or as directed by a professional)
• A notebook and pen

Image Suggestion: An open, bright red First Aid box placed on a wooden table. Inside, items like rolls of bandages, packets of plasters, a small bottle of Dettol antiseptic, cotton wool, and blue disposable gloves are neatly arranged. The style is a clear, educational photograph.

Your Superpower: The DRSABCD Action Plan

When you arrive at an emergency, it's easy to feel overwhelmed. Where do you start? Just remember this magic word: DRSABCD. It’s a step-by-step guide to handling any emergency safely.

[ D ] --> Danger
   |
[ R ] --> Response
   |
[ S ] --> Send for Help
   |
[ A ] --> Airway
   |
[ B ] --> Breathing
   |
[ C ] --> CPR (Compressions)
   |
[ D ] --> Defibrillation

• D for Danger: Before you rush to help, STOP! Look around. Are there any dangers to you, the casualty, or others? Wires on the ground? Oncoming traffic like a speeding matatu? A fire? Make sure the area is safe before you approach.
• R for Response: Is the person conscious? Gently tap their shoulders and ask loudly, "Hello! Can you hear me? Fungua macho! (Open your eyes!)". If they respond, they are conscious. If not, they are unconscious.
• S for Send for help: Shout for help immediately. Tell someone specific what to do: "You in the blue shirt, go and get the teacher! Call the Kenya Red Cross on 1199!".
• A for Airway: If the person is unconscious, you must check their airway. Gently tilt their head back and lift their chin to open the airway. Check inside their mouth to see if anything is blocking it.
• B for Breathing: Look, Listen, and Feel for breathing for 10 seconds. Look for chest movement, listen for breath sounds, and feel for their breath on your cheek.
• C for CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): If the person is unconscious and NOT breathing, they need CPR. This involves pushing hard and fast on the centre of their chest. For trained first aiders, you combine this with rescue breaths.

**The Basic CPR Formula**

For one rescuer on an adult or child:

- Rate of Compressions: 100-120 per minute (to the beat of a fast song like "Sura Yako" by Sauti Sol!)
- Ratio of Compressions to Breaths: 30:2
- That means: 30 chest compressions, followed by 2 rescue breaths.
- Keep repeating this cycle.

• D for Defibrillation: This involves using a special machine (an AED) to deliver an electric shock to the heart. These are usually only used by trained professionals like paramedics.

Tackling Common Emergencies - The Kenyan Way

Let's apply our knowledge to situations you might actually see.

1. Bleeding from a Cut or Graze

Scenario: Your younger brother falls while chasing a chicken in the compound and gets a deep cut on his leg from a sharp stone. It's bleeding a lot!

Don't panic! Remember P.E.D.

1. Pressure: Using a clean cloth (or even a clean piece of a school uniform shirt if that's all you have!), press FIRMLY on the wound.
2. Elevate: If the cut is on an arm or leg, lift it up so it is higher than the heart. This helps slow the bleeding.
3. Dress: Once the bleeding slows down, cover it with a clean bandage or plaster.

Image Suggestion: A vibrant, helpful illustration showing a teenager calmly applying pressure with a clean white cloth to a smaller child's bleeding knee. The teenager's other hand is gently holding the child's leg elevated. The background is a typical Kenyan rural compound.

2. Burns

Scenario: Your cousin accidentally touches the side of a hot jiko (charcoal stove) while trying to warm her hands. She cries out in pain!

For burns, remember the Three C's.

1. Cool: Immediately run cool (not ice-cold) water over the burn for at least 10-20 minutes. This is the most important step!
2. Cover: Cover the burn loosely with a sterile, non-stick dressing or a clean plastic wrap (like Clingfilm). This protects it from infection. Do NOT use cotton wool as it will stick!
3. Call: For serious burns, get medical help immediately.

How serious is a burn? One way to estimate is the Palm Method.

**The Palm Method for Estimating Burn Size**

- The surface area of the PATIENT'S palm (including their fingers) is roughly equal to 1% of their total body surface area.
- You can use this to estimate the size of the burn.
- Example: If the burn is the size of three of the patient's palms, it covers about 3% of their body.
- Any burn on a child that is larger than their palm needs medical attention!

3. Choking

Scenario: During lunch, a fellow student is eating githeri (a mix of maize and beans) very fast. Suddenly, he starts coughing silently, cannot speak, and holds his throat. He is choking!

You must act fast!

1. Encourage them to cough. This might be enough to clear it.
2. If they cannot cough, give up to 5 sharp back blows. Lean the person forward and use the heel of your hand to strike them firmly between their shoulder blades.
3. If that doesn't work, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts (also known as the Heimlich Maneuver). Stand behind them, wrap your arms around their waist, and make a fist. Place your fist just above their navel (tumbo) and pull inwards and upwards sharply.
4. Keep alternating between 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the object comes out or help arrives.

Image Suggestion: A clear, simple diagram showing the two stages for helping a choking person. The first panel shows a person delivering a back blow. The second panel shows the correct hand placement for an abdominal thrust from behind the choking person. Arrows indicate the direction of the force.

You Are Now a First Aid Champion!

Well done! You've just learned the basics of First Aid. Remember, the goal is not to be perfect, but to be prepared. By learning these skills, you have become a valuable member of your family, your school, and your community. You now have the power to stay calm, act safely, and maybe even save a life one day.

Always remember: Your safety comes first. Never put yourself in danger. Now go on and be the hero we know you can be!

Habari Mwanafunzi! Welcome to the World of First Aid!

Imagine this: you are playing football with your friends during break time. Suddenly, your friend trips and falls, scraping their knee badly. Everyone crowds around, but nobody knows what to do. Do you run away? Do you panic? Or do you step up and become a hero? Today, you will learn how to be that hero! First Aid is the immediate care you give to someone who is injured or sick before a doctor or ambulance arrives. It’s a skill that can save a life. So, let's get ready to become lifesavers in our homes, our school, and our community!

The 3 Ps: The Golden Rules of First Aid

Before you do anything, you must remember the three main goals of First Aid. We call them the 3 Ps. Think of them as your mission!

• Preserve Life: This is the most important goal. Your actions should be aimed at keeping the person alive until professional help arrives.
• Prevent Further Harm: Stop the injury from getting worse. This could mean moving someone away from danger (like a busy road) or applying pressure to a bleeding wound.
• Promote Recovery: Help the healing process begin. This includes things like cooling a burn or putting a bandage on a cut.

The Action Plan: Meet DRSABCD!

When you find someone who needs help, it's easy to panic. But don't worry! Just remember the name DRSABCD. It’s a step-by-step guide to help you stay calm and do the right thing.

D (Danger)
   |
   V
R (Response)
   |
   V
S (Send for Help)
   |
   V
A (Airway)
   |
   V
B (Breathing)
   |
   V
C (CPR)
   |
   V
D (Defibrillation)

1. D for Danger: First, look around. Is there anything that could harm you, the injured person, or others? It could be traffic on Waiyaki Way, a fallen electric pole after a heavy rain, or even an angry dog. Your safety comes first! Only help if it is safe to do so.
2. R for Response: Is the person awake? Gently tap their shoulders and ask loudly, "Hello! Can you hear me? Open your eyes." A good way to remember this is COWS:
   • C - Can you hear me?
   • O - Open your eyes.
   • W - What is your name?
   • S - Squeeze my hand.
3. S for Send for Help: If the person is not responding, shout for help! Tell someone specific to call for an ambulance. In Kenya, the emergency number is 999 or 112. Be clear: "You in the red shirt, please call 999 and tell them we have an unconscious person at [location]!"
4. A for Airway: Is their airway open? If the person is unconscious, gently tilt their head back and lift their chin. This opens the airway and helps them breathe. Check inside their mouth for anything obvious like food or vomit and remove it if you can.
5. B for Breathing: Look, Listen, and Feel for normal breathing for 10 seconds.
   • Look for chest movement.
   • Listen for breathing sounds from their mouth or nose.
   • Feel for their breath on your cheek.
6. C for CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): If the person is NOT breathing normally, you need to start chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand in the centre of their chest, with your other hand on top. Push hard and fast. The goal is 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths (if you are trained and willing).

Scenario: You are waiting for a matatu in town and an elderly man suddenly collapses. Using DRSABCD, you first check for danger (the moving cars), then check his response. He is unconscious. You point to a nearby security guard and shout, "Tafadhali, call an ambulance!" You then check his airway and breathing. You have taken control and started the chain of survival!

### CPR Calculation Corner ###

The correct rhythm for chest compressions is very important.

- **Rate:** 100 to 120 compressions per minute. (That's about the speed of the song "Baby Shark" or "Stayin' Alive"!)
- **Ratio:** 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
- **Depth:** Push down about 5-6 cm (for an adult).

Formula for a cycle:
(30 Compressions / 120 Compressions per minute) + Time for 2 Breaths = Time per Cycle

Handling Common Emergencies

1. Serious Bleeding

Whether from a fall at the school playground or a cut from a kitchen knife, controlling bleeding is vital.

• Pressure: Apply firm, direct pressure on the wound with a clean cloth or bandage.
• Elevate: If the wound is on an arm or leg, raise it above the level of the heart to help slow the bleeding.
• Pad & Bandage: Once the bleeding slows, apply a sterile dressing and bandage it firmly. If blood soaks through, do not remove the first pad! Just add another one on top.

Image Suggestion: A dramatic but educational photo of a Kenyan teenager in school uniform calmly applying pressure with a clean cloth to another student's bleeding forearm. The setting is a school field. The focus is on the correct hand placement and the calm, reassuring expression of the first aider.

2. Burns

From hot porridge (uji) or a charcoal jiko, burns are common and painful. Forget all the myths about applying toothpaste or oil! Here is the right way:

1. Cool the burn: Immediately place the burn under cool running water for at least 20 minutes. This is the most important step!
2. Cover: Cover the burn loosely with a sterile, non-stick dressing or a clean plastic wrap (like cling film).
3. Call for help for any large or severe burns.

NEVER use ice, butter, oil, or lotions on a severe burn. They can trap heat and cause more damage.

3. Choking

Someone swallowing a piece of githeri or a sweet the wrong way can be terrifying. If they are coughing, encourage them to keep coughing. If they cannot breathe, cough, or speak, you must act fast!

• Give 5 Back Blows: Stand behind them and lean them forward. Give five sharp blows between their shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
• Give 5 Abdominal Thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver): Stand behind them, wrap your arms around their waist. Make a fist and place it just above their navel (tumbo). Grasp your fist with your other hand and pull sharply inwards and upwards.
• Repeat the cycle of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the object comes out or help arrives.

4. Fainting

It can get very hot during the school assembly! If someone feels dizzy or faints, they need your help.

• Lay the person down flat on their back.
• Gently raise their legs above the level of their heart. This helps blood flow back to the brain.
• Ensure they have plenty of fresh air. Loosen any tight clothing around their neck.
• They should recover quickly, but make sure they rest and see a doctor if they don't feel better.

ASCII Diagram: Fainting Response

   O  <-- Head (on the ground)
  /|\ <-- Body (lying flat)
  / \
   |
   |
  / \ <-- Legs (raised up on a bag or chair)
 // \\

Your First Aid Kit

A good first aider is always prepared! Your school should have a first aid kit, and it’s a great idea to have one at home too. A basic kit should contain:

• Gloves: To protect yourself.
• Bandages (Plasters): For small cuts.
• Sterile Gauze & Dressings: For covering larger wounds.
• Antiseptic Wipes: To clean wounds.
• Adhesive Tape: To hold dressings in place.
• Scissors: To cut tape or clothing.
• Painkillers: Like Paracetamol (use as directed).

Image Suggestion: A bright, clean, open First Aid box with a Kenyan Red Cross or St. John Ambulance logo on it. Inside, items like bandages, gauze, antiseptic wipes, and gloves are neatly arranged and clearly visible. The background is neutral to make the kit stand out.

You Are Now a First Aid Champion!

Congratulations! You have just learned the basics of First Aid. Remember the 3 Ps and DRSABCD. By staying calm and following these steps, you can make a huge difference in an emergency. You have the power to help your friends, your family, and your community. Keep learning, practice these skills, and consider joining the St. John Ambulance or Red Cross club at school. Asante sana for your attention, and be safe!