Grade 6
Course ContentMoney
Habari Mwanafunzi! Let's Talk About Money!
Hello there, future mathematician! Ever thought about the coins jingling in your pocket or the crisp notes your parents use at the supermarket? That's money, or as we say in Swahili, Pesa! Money is a super important tool. We use it to buy sukuma wiki for dinner, pay for a matatu ride, or even save up for that new football you've been dreaming of. Today, we are going on an exciting adventure to become masters of money in Kenya!
Image Suggestion: A vibrant, cheerful illustration of a Kenyan school student holding a 100 shilling note with a big smile. In the background, there's a colourful duka (local shop) selling snacks like mandazi and sodas. The style should be bright and cartoonish.
1. Pesa Yetu: Getting to Know Our Kenyan Shilling
In Kenya, our money is called the Kenyan Shilling (Ksh). It comes in two forms: coins (shilingi) and notes (noti). It's like having a team of players, some small and some big, but all working together!
- Coins: We use these for smaller amounts. They are great for buying sweets or giving the correct change. We have: 1 shilling, 5 shillings, 10 shillings, and 20 shillings coins.
- Notes: We use these for larger amounts. They are lighter to carry around! We have: 50 shillings, 100 shillings, 200 shillings, 500 shillings, and 1000 shillings notes.
ASCII Art: A Glimpse of Our Money
A Coin (Bob) A Note (Noti)
+-----------+ +-------------------------+
| | | |
| Ksh | | KENYAN SHILLINGS |
| ( 1 ) | | |
| SHILINGI | | ( 50 ) |
| | | |
+-----------+ +-------------------------+
2. Duka Calculations: Adding and Subtracting Money
Let's go shopping! Understanding how to add and subtract money is key to making sure you pay the right amount and get the right change back. Hakuna kuchezwa!
Scenario: You go to the school canteen with a 100 shilling note. You want to buy a smokie pasua for Ksh 30 and a bottle of soda for Ksh 40.
Step 1: Find the Total Cost (Addition)
First, we need to add the cost of the smokie and the soda to find out how much you need to pay in total.
Cost of smokie: Ksh 30
Cost of soda: + Ksh 40
-------------------------
Total Cost: Ksh 70
-------------------------
Step 2: Calculate Your Change (Subtraction)
Now, you give the shopkeeper your Ksh 100 note. To find your change, we subtract the total cost from the money you gave.
Money you have: Ksh 100
Total Cost: - Ksh 70
-------------------------
Your Change: Ksh 30
-------------------------
Excellent! You pay Ksh 70 and get Ksh 30 back. You have enough left to save or buy something small later!
3. Making a Plan: Multiplication and Division with Money
Money math also helps us plan for the future, whether we are saving or sharing costs with friends.
Example: Saving for a Goal (Multiplication)
Imagine you want to buy a storybook that costs Ksh 400. You decide to save Ksh 20 every day from your pocket money. How much will you have saved after 7 days (one week)?
Amount saved per day: Ksh 20
Number of days: x 7
------------------------------
Total Saved: Ksh 140
------------------------------
After one week, you will have Ksh 140. Keep going, you're on your way!
Example: Sharing a Cost (Division)
You and your 3 friends (making 4 of you in total) want to buy a new football that costs Ksh 800. If you all decide to share the cost equally, how much money does each person need to contribute?
Total cost of football: Ksh 800
Number of friends: ÷ 4
-----------------------------------
Amount per person: Ksh 200
-----------------------------------
Each of you needs to contribute Ksh 200 to buy the football. Teamwork makes the dream work!
Image Suggestion: An illustration of four happy Kenyan children of diverse backgrounds pooling their money together to buy a football from a sports shop. One of them is holding the new ball triumphantly.
4. The Business Corner: Profit (Faida) and Loss (Hasara)
Have you ever seen Mama Bogo at the market? She is a businessperson! In business, the goal is to make a profit. Sometimes, things don't go as planned, and a business can make a loss.
- Buying Price (BP): The amount of money you use to buy an item.
- Selling Price (SP): The amount of money you sell that item for.
Making a Profit (Faida)
Profit happens when the Selling Price is MORE than the Buying Price.
Formula: Profit = Selling Price - Buying Price
Scenario: Mama Bogo buys a bunch of sukuma wiki from the farm for Ksh 10. She sells it at her stall for Ksh 15. Did she make a profit?
Selling Price (SP): Ksh 15
Buying Price (BP): - Ksh 10
----------------------------
Profit (Faida): Ksh 5
----------------------------
Yes! She made a profit of Ksh 5 on that bunch. That's good business!
Making a Loss (Hasara)
A loss happens when the Selling Price is LESS than the Buying Price.
Formula: Loss = Buying Price - Selling Price
Scenario: Your friend Ali buys a mango for Ksh 20, hoping to sell it for more. But the mango gets a small bruise, so he has to sell it for Ksh 15. Did he make a profit or a loss?
Buying Price (BP): Ksh 20
Selling Price (SP): - Ksh 15
----------------------------
Loss (Hasara): Ksh 5
----------------------------
Oh no! Ali made a loss of Ksh 5. That's an important lesson in business!
Well Done! You're a Money Master!
Congratulations! You've learned about our Kenyan currency, how to perform calculations for shopping, and even the basics of business with profit and loss. Understanding money is a superpower that will help you make smart choices every day. Keep practicing, stay curious, and you'll be a financial genius in no time!
Habari Mwanafunzi! Welcome to the World of Money!
Have you ever gone to the local duka to buy milk? Or used your pocket money to buy a smokie pasua after school? That's you using money! Money, or as we call it in Sheng, 'Pesa', is a super important tool in our daily lives. It helps us buy things we need (like food and books) and things we want (like a new football or airtime to call a friend). Today, we are going to become money experts! Ready? Let's go!
Meet Our Kenyan Shilling (KSh)
In Kenya, our money is called the Kenyan Shilling. It comes in two forms: coins for smaller amounts and notes (or bank notes) for larger amounts.
Here are the ones you will see and use every day:
- Coins: 1 shilling, 5 shillings, 10 shillings, and the 20 shillings coin.
- Notes: 50 shillings, 100 shillings, 200 shillings, 500 shillings, and the 1000 shillings note.
Image Suggestion: A bright, clear photograph showing the latest generation of Kenyan currency. The coins (1, 5, 10, 20) should be on one side and the notes (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000) fanned out on the other, all on a clean, neutral background.
Let's visualize them!
COINS (Shilingi) NOTES (Noti)
.-------. .--------------------.
/ 20 /| / KSh 50 /|
'-------' | '--------------------' |
| | ' | | '
'-------' '--------------------'
(small & shiny) (larger & colourful)
Let's Do Some 'Pesa' Maths! (Addition and Subtraction)
Maths with money is something you'll use every single day. Let's start with the basics.
Scenario 1: Buying SnacksYou are at the school canteen. You want to buy a samosa for KSh 30 and a packet of milk for KSh 45. How much money do you need in total?
To find the total, we simply add the costs together.
Cost of samosa: KSh 30
+ Cost of milk: KSh 45
---------------------------
Total Cost: KSh 75
---------------------------
Easy, right? Now, what if you pay with a bigger note? You need to get change!
Scenario 2: Getting ChangeYou give the canteen owner a KSh 100 note to pay for your snacks that cost KSh 75. How much change should you get back?
To find the change, we subtract the total cost from the money you gave.
Money you gave: KSh 100
- Total cost of items: KSh 75
------------------------------
Change you get back: KSh 25
------------------------------
Remember: Always count your change to make sure it's correct!
Shopping and Sharing (Multiplication and Division)
What happens when you buy more than one of the same item or need to share a cost with friends?
Scenario 3: Buying in BulkYour mum sends you to the bookshop to buy 4 new exercise books for you and your siblings. Each book costs KSh 50. What is the total cost?
Instead of adding 50+50+50+50, we can use multiplication!
Cost of one book: KSh 50
x Number of books: 4
------------------------------
Total Cost: KSh 200
------------------------------
Scenario 4: Sharing the CostYou and your 3 friends (that's 4 people in total) want to buy a new football that costs KSh 800. If you all share the cost equally, how much money does each person need to contribute?
To find the amount each person pays, we use division.
Total cost of football: KSh 800
÷ Number of people: 4
--------------------------------------
Amount per person: KSh 200
--------------------------------------
The Duka Owner's Secret: Profit and Loss
Have you ever wondered how shopkeepers make money? They use the concepts of Profit and Loss.
- Cost Price (CP): The price the shopkeeper BUYS an item for.
- Selling Price (SP): The price the shopkeeper SELLS the item for.
If the Selling Price is more than the Cost Price, the shopkeeper makes a PROFIT (faida).
Example: Making a ProfitMama Bwire buys a loaf of bread from the bakery for KSh 55 (Cost Price). She sells it in her duka for KSh 65 (Selling Price). What is her profit?
Formula: Profit = Selling Price (SP) - Cost Price (CP)
Profit = KSh 65 - KSh 55
Profit = KSh 10
Mama Bwire makes a profit of KSh 10 on each loaf of bread!
But if the Selling Price is less than the Cost Price, the shopkeeper makes a LOSS (hasara).
Example: Making a LossMama Bwire bought some ripe bananas for KSh 10 each (CP). A few days later, to avoid them going bad, she had to sell the last few for KSh 7 each (SP). What was her loss per banana?
Formula: Loss = Cost Price (CP) - Selling Price (SP)
Loss = KSh 10 - KSh 7
Loss = KSh 3
She made a loss of KSh 3 on each of those bananas.
Image Suggestion: A colourful and friendly illustration of a Kenyan "duka" (small shop). The shopkeeper, a smiling woman, is handing a loaf of bread to a young student in uniform. The shelves are stocked with everyday items like sugar, flour, and soap.
Be the Boss of Your Money: Simple Budgeting
A budget is simply a plan for your money. It helps you see where your money comes from and where it goes. Making a budget, even a small one, is the first step to being smart with your pesa!
Scenario: Your Weekly Pocket MoneyImagine you get KSh 500 for the week. Let's make a simple plan (a budget) so you don't run out of money by Wednesday!
MY WEEKLY BUDGET (Total: KSh 500)
.------------------------------------------.
| Category | Amount (KSh) |
|----------------------|-------------------|
| Savings (for later) | 100 |
| School Snacks | 200 (40 per day) |
| Bus Fare | 100 |
| Airtime | 50 |
| Leftover/Emergency | 50 |
'------------------------------------------'
By planning, you make sure you have enough for your needs (like fare), your wants (like snacks), and you even have some left to save! That's how you become a money master.
You are now a Money Master!
Congratulations! You have learned so much today. We have covered:
- Recognizing our Kenyan coins and notes.
- Adding and subtracting money to buy things and get the right change.
- Multiplying and dividing to handle group shopping and sharing costs.
- Understanding how businesses make a profit or a loss.
- How to make a simple budget to manage your own money.
Money is a powerful tool. Learning to use it wisely is one of the most important skills you will ever learn. Keep practicing every time you go to the duka, and soon all these calculations will be second nature. Hongera sana!
Habari Mwanafunzi! Welcome to the World of Money!
Have you ever held a crisp 100 shilling note and wondered about all the things you could buy? Or maybe you've saved up your coins in a tin to buy something special? Money is a super important part of our daily lives, from buying a snack at the duka to paying for a matatu ride. Today, we are going to become money experts! We'll learn how to count it, use it, and even make it grow. Let's get started!
Meet Our Money: Shillings and Cents
In Kenya, our currency is the Kenyan Shilling (Ksh). Just like a metre is made of smaller centimetres, a shilling is made up of smaller parts called cents. It's very simple:
- 100 cents = 1 Shilling
We have money in two forms: coins and notes. You've probably used them many times!
- Coins: 1 shilling, 5 shillings, 10 shillings, 20 shillings.
- Notes (Banknotes): 50 shillings, 100 shillings, 200 shillings, 500 shillings, and the big one, 1000 shillings!
+-----------+ +=================+
| Ksh | | KENYAN NOTE |
| _ _ | | (e.g. 100) |
| ( 20) | | |
| / \ | | PICTURE |
| --- | | |
+-----------+ +=================+
(A Coin) (A Banknote)
Image Suggestion: A vibrant and clear photograph showing all the current Kenyan currency notes (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000) and coins (1, 5, 10, 20) neatly arranged on a wooden table. The style should be bright and educational.
Let's Do the Math: Adding and Subtracting Money
This is where the fun begins! Doing math with money is just like regular addition and subtraction, but you have to be careful with the shillings and cents.
Example 1: Addition (Going Shopping!)
Imagine your mum sends you to the local shop. You need to buy a loaf of bread for Ksh 60, a packet of milk for Ksh 55, and some sweets for Ksh 10. How much money do you need in total?
To find the total, we add all the costs together.
Step 1: Write down the prices, aligning them properly.
Ksh 60
Ksh 55
+ Ksh 10
--------
Step 2: Add the numbers.
60
55
+ 10
-----
125
-----
Answer: You need a total of Ksh 125.
Example 2: Subtraction (Getting Your Change)
You give the shopkeeper a Ksh 200 note to pay for your items that cost Ksh 125. How much change should you get back?
To find the change, we subtract the total cost from the money you gave.
Step 1: Set up the subtraction problem.
Ksh 200 (Money you paid with)
- Ksh 125 (Cost of items)
--------
Step 2: Subtract, borrowing where needed.
2 0 0
- 1 2 5
-------
7 5
-------
Answer: The shopkeeper should give you Ksh 75 in change. Always count your change!
Thinking Like a Business Person: Profit and Loss
Have you ever thought about how a shopkeeper makes money? They use the ideas of Profit and Loss. It's simple!
- Buying Price (BP): The cost of buying an item to sell. Also called Cost Price.
- Selling Price (SP): The price at which the item is sold.
- Profit: This is a GAIN! It happens when you sell something for more than you bought it for. (SP > BP)
- Loss: This is a... well, a loss! It happens when you sell something for less than you bought it for. (SP < BP)
Buying Price (BP) ----> Sell Item ----> Selling Price (SP)
| |
| +----> If SP > BP ==> PROFIT! :)
|
+----------------------------> If SP < BP ==> LOSS! :(
Story Time: Akinyi's Samosa Business
Akinyi decides to sell samosas during school break time. She buys ingredients (flour, meat, oil) for Ksh 300. This is her Buying Price. She makes 20 samosas and sells each one for Ksh 20.
Did Akinyi make a profit or a loss? Let's calculate!
1. Find her total Selling Price (SP):
Price per samosa = Ksh 20
Number of samosas = 20
Total SP = 20 x 20 = Ksh 400
2. Calculate the Profit:
The formula is: Profit = Selling Price - Buying Price
Profit = Ksh 400 - Ksh 300
Profit = Ksh 100
Answer: Woohoo! Akinyi made a profit of Ksh 100.
Making Your Money Grow: Simple Interest
This is a more advanced but very exciting topic! Interest is like a "thank you" payment that a bank or a SACCO gives you for keeping your money with them. It helps your savings grow!
Here are the key terms:
- Principal (P): The initial amount of money you save or invest.
- Rate (R): The percentage at which your money grows per year (%).
- Time (T): The number of years you save the money for.
The formula for calculating Simple Interest (I) is:
Interest (I) = (Principal x Rate x Time) / 100
or
I = (P * R * T) / 100
Example: Saving with a Mobile App
Your older brother saves Ksh 10,000 in his M-Shwari account. The account offers a simple interest rate of 7% per year. How much interest will he earn after 2 years?
Let's use the formula!
Step 1: Identify P, R, and T.
Principal (P) = 10,000
Rate (R) = 7%
Time (T) = 2 years
Step 2: Apply the formula I = (P * R * T) / 100
I = (10,000 * 7 * 2) / 100
Step 3: Calculate.
I = 140,000 / 100
I = 1,400
Answer: He will earn Ksh 1,400 in interest after 2 years.
Bonus: The total amount in his account will be Principal + Interest.
Total Amount = 10,000 + 1,400 = Ksh 11,400!
Image Suggestion: A friendly and simple cartoon illustration showing a small seedling labeled 'Principal' being watered. Over time (with arrows showing 'Time'), it grows into a healthy small tree with Kenyan shilling coins hanging from its branches, labeled 'Interest'.
You're a Money Master!
Fantastic work! Today you've learned so much about money in Kenya. We've covered identifying our notes and coins, doing everyday calculations, understanding how businesses make a profit, and even how to make your savings grow with interest. Money is a tool, and learning how to use it wisely is one of the most important skills you can have. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be a financial genius!
Pro Tip
Take your own short notes while going through the topics.
